CNC cutter machines most often use a “drag knife” tool – a blade that is simply pushed by the machine. This knife can be anything from a box cutter blade in a holder to a custom shaped hardened alloy. Drag knives are easy to use and easy to change, but can have difficulty with very hard or abrasive materials. If the material is very thick, the material being cut will come into contact with the side of the blade and create more friction. This friction puts pressure on the blade and can also push the material out of place.
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An “oscillating cutter” can be used to cut through tough or thick materials. This blade cuts into the material partially, retracts upward, and then returns quickly. By doing this, the strain on the material is repeatedly relieved rather than built up around the blade, reducing the possibility of tearing the material or breaking the blade.
A scoring wheel can be used to cut abrasive or hard materials, or to make an indentation in any material. A rotary tool will turn freely when pushed and have one continuous edge. The disadvantage of a rotary blade tool is that the curve of the blade can push into the material at multiple points, so a drag blade may only cut at one point when cutting a curve, while a rotary blade may scrape the surface on the convex side of the cut.
Drag knives are most susceptible to dulling from wear, and duller blades are subject to more stress when dragged, making them more likely to break. For this reason, drag knives are often inexpensive and easier to replace rather than resharpen. Oscillating knives are more susceptible to fatigue failure from vibration than other tools. Rotating blades tend to be harder and tougher than the objects they cut, creating less friction, making them the least susceptible to failure. A less-sharp tool can add stress to the cutting area, causing jagged edges as the material gathers and releases, deformation such as stretching or tearing around the cut, and even pushing the material out of the clamp.
Tips for tool selection:
For roughing, choose durable, heat-resistant tool materials such as carbide or coated tools.
For finishing, choose tools with sharp edges to ensure surface quality.
When machining efficiently, you can use larger cutting depths and higher feed rates, combined with appropriate coolant to extend tool life.
In short, digital knives and blades are key tools that are used to accurately cut, engrave, grind or process various materials. If you want to learn more or get a quote, please click here to contact us, and we will give you a detailed answer as soon as possible!
